The process of state formation in Uzbekistan can be traced through key legislative and political milestones:

October 21, 1989 – The law on the state language of the Republic of Uzbekistan was enacted, establishing Uzbek as the official language.

March 24, 1990 – The position of the President of the Uzbek SSR was introduced.

August 31, 1991 – The Republic of Uzbekistan declared its independence.

September 1, 1991 – Independence Day of the Republic of Uzbekistan was officially recognized.

November 18, 1991 – The state flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted.

December 29, 1991 – The first president of the Republic of Uzbekistan was publicly elected.

January 4, 1992 – The Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan ratified the Belovejsk Agreement, marking the termination of the USSR and the creation of the CIS, along with the Almaty Protocol.

March 2, 1992 – The Republic of Uzbekistan became a full member of the United Nations.

July 2, 1992 – The state emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted.

December 8, 1992 – The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted.

December 10, 1992 – The national anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan was approved.

November 15, 1993 – Temporary sum-coupon banknotes were introduced to protect the domestic market.

July 1, 1994 – The national currency, the sum, was introduced.

The political structure of Uzbekistan is characterized by a legal democratic state with a presidential system. The President is the head of state, and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, comprising the Legislative Chamber and the Senate, exercises legislative power. The Cabinet of Ministers serves as the executive body, overseeing the effective functioning of various sectors.

The political landscape includes several political parties and movements, such as the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (successor to the Communist Party of Uzbekistan), Adolat Social Democratic Party, Vatan Taraqqiyoti Party (later merged with the Fidokorlar Party), Milliy Tiklanish Democratic Party, Fidokorlar National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (UzLiDeP), and the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan.

The Mahalla system, a form of national self-government, plays a crucial role in social governance, focusing on the welfare and social security of the local population in microdistricts. Mahalla committees are involved in various community events and offer assistance to those in need.